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Diabetes treatment

If people with diabetes have COVID-19, they have to check their blood sugar level regularly.
Diabetes tipsDiabetes treatment

What Should People With Diabetes Do If They Have COVID-19?

by tanja

As far as we know, COVID-19 can cause more severe symptoms and complications in older people, those with long term conditions such as chronic lung disease, cancer and people with diabetes. Unfortunately, if people like me have COVID-9, we may be more vulnerable to the severe effects of the virus.

If you have COVID-19, you should have all your diabetes medications.

That’s why it’s important to plan what to do before we get ill. For instance, we have to have contact information about our health care provider. Also, we have to make sure we have an adequate stock of medications and supplies for monitoring our blood glucose at home. If we are infected with the virus may see their glycaemic control deteriorate during the illness. In those situations, we should contact our doctor immediately for advice on how to monitor our blood sugar level. Also, our doctors has to provide us with adequate refills for medications (especially insulin). Lastly, he or she has to tell us what adjustments we may need to do in our medication or diet.

If we have COVID-19, we should:
  • Monitor our blood glucose
  • Monitor our temperature
  • If we are on insulin, also monitor our ketone bodies
  • Follow the healthcare team recommendations

International Diabetes Federation has published a guideline on which you can find more information about how to manage your diabetes during an illness. You can download it right here.

How we can avoid the virus?

To avoid the virus, we should take the following simple, sensible measures:

  • Frequently wash hands with soap and water
  • Use an alcohol-based solution, especially before eating and after being in public.
  • Don’t share food, tools, glasses and towels.
  • Avoid close contact with those who are ill.
  • If you get ill with respiratory symptoms, stay at home and notify others and your doctor.
  • When sneezing or coughing, cover the nose and mouth with a tissue or with the crook of the elbow. Throw the tissue in the bin.

If you want to get correct information about the situation with COVID-19 in Macedonia, you can do that on the following link: http://gdi-sk.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html?fbclid=IwAR1_K921oU1bGmHfQX9XZGTWxByxDNvNkCmOxHceCFsL9r3GuTgErMS8Tiw#/2096bd4b051b42948ac3f5747e80c3a5

Home-based exercise for people with diabetes

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in many countries have restricted the movement of their citizens, confining them to the home environment. Regular physical activity is of great benefit to the general population and even more for people living with diabetes.

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COVID-19 and Diabetes: Protect yourself!
Diabetes treatment

Why People With Diabetes May Be At Increased Risk Of COVID-19?

by tanja

As we all know, the news about the coronavirus or also known as COVID-19 continues to dominate around the world. Unfortunately, people with diabetes are more likely to experience severe complications when infected with it. Also, they have much higher rates of serious complications and death than people without diabetes.

COVID-19 and Diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications when infected with a virus

COVID-19 is different from seasonal flu.

Coronavirus or COVID-19 belongs to a family of viruses that cause respiratory illnesses. Moreover, most of them cause illness in animals. One of those is SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19. Unfortunately, we have to be aware that COVID-19 is a more serious illness than seasonal flu.

COVID-19 is a risk for people with diabetes:

No matter which type of diabetes people have, the complications that may occur vary from people’s age and how well they have been managing their diabetes. People who already have diabetes-related health problems are more likely to have worse outcomes if they are in contact with people who have coronavirus. While older people and those with respiratory conditions, diabetes or heart disease appear to be more vulnerable to becoming seriously ill with the virus. It’s important to be informed all the time. On that way, you can be proactive in preventing the illness.

People with well-controlled blood glucose levels do not face an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Unfortunately, people with poorly controlled diabetes would be at an increased risk of contracting the illness. That’s why, it’s mandatory to maintain excellent blood sugar control, limit potential exposure, eat a healthy diet, and get regular exercise if possible.

Take everyday precautions:

  • Avoid close contact with people who are sick or who have travelled to countries that are considered as high and middle risk
  • Wash your hands often
  • After blowing your nose, sneezing and coughing wash your hands for at least 30 seconds,
  • If there are no soap and water available, always carry with you and use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
  • Wash your hands after touching surfaces in public places
  • Avoid touching your face, eyes and nose.
  • Clean and disinfect your home
  • Avoid crowds.
  • Avoid all non-essential travel including plane trips.

Get correct information about COVID-19 on the link below:

http://gdi-sk.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html?fbclid=IwAR1_K921oU1bGmHfQX9XZGTWxByxDNvNkCmOxHceCFsL9r3GuTgErMS8Tiw#/2096bd4b051b42948ac3f5747e80c3a5


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Diabetes and COVID-19 Virus
Diabetes treatment

Diabetes and COVID-19 virus

by tanja

According to the CDC reports, “coronaviruses” are a large family of viruses common in animal species, and only rarely do they infect and spread among humans. That’s happened here with this officially named COVID-19 virus that started late last year with an outbreak in Wuhan, China, linked to a market selling seafood and live animals. Unfortunately, it’s gone global. The World Health Organization has declared the Coronavirus outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern.  

Diabetes and COVID-19

COVID-19 virus signs

Common signs are typical flu-like symptoms like fever, tiredness, cough, breathing difficulties, and muscle aches. They usually start within 3-7 days of exposure to the virus. However, in some cases, it has taken up to 14 days for symptoms to appear.

Unfortunately, people of all ages can be infected. More than 80% of cases, COVID-19 virus is mild, with minimal flu-like symptoms. Some have not shown symptoms or only very mild symptoms, more like a common cold. Fortunately, most of the people who have caught the virus did not need to be hospitalised for supportive care. However, approximately 15% of cases COVID-19 has been severe and in around 5% of cases, it has led to critical illness. Around 98% of people infected to date have survived.

We know that coronaviruses can cause more severe symptoms and complications in older people, and those with long term conditions such as cancer or chronic lung disease. Also, people with diabetes may be more vulnerable to the severe effects of the virus.

What can people with diabetes do?

If you have diabetes, it is important to take precautions to avoid the virus if possible. To do that:

  • Wash hands regularly.
  • Try to avoid touching your face before you have washed and dried your hands.
  • Clean and disinfect any objects and surfaces that are touched frequently.
  • When you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue
  • Try to avoid contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing.
  • Don’t share food, glasses, towels, tools etc.
  • Avoid unnecessary travel
  • Stay at home If you are ill.
  • Pay extra attention to your glucose control.
  • Make sure you will be able to correct the situation if your blood glucose drops suddenly.
  • Make sure you have a good supply of the diabetes medications you need. Think about what you would need if you had to quarantine yourself for a few weeks.
  • Prepare in case you get ill.

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Inject insulin in a public place
Diabetes tipsDiabetes treatment

Should We Inject Insulin In Public?

by tanja
Yes, we should inject insulin in public.

From my point of view, yes we should inject insulin in public. We should not feel ashamed to do that. However, for someone who doesn’t have diabetes, seeing someone inject is rare. Most of the people with diabetes state that injecting insulin in a public place is usually not a problem and that only occasionally will it prompt a reaction in others.

However, we have to be aware that some people around you may have a phobia of needles so it’s best to be as discreet as you can, especially around people you don’t know well. The key is in making sure we are discreet and ensuring that we minimise any risk of danger to ourselves or others.

Inject insulin when I am outside

I don’t have a problem to inject in public, especially when I am with my family and friends. In some cases, I wish to request to use a private area to administer an injection. For instance, when I go out with friends, I do the injection in the toilet. I do that for health and safety reasons, to completely prevent any risk of anyone else getting accidentally jabbed.

When I am at work

At work, all my colleagues are aware of my condition. During my first days in the company, I was asking them if it will be okay to check my blood sugar level or inject insulin in front of them. Fortunately, they didn’t have a problem with that. Now I can say that every time when I need to check my blood sugar level or inject insulin before my meal, I do that without a problem.

Additionally, no matter where I am, I always pay attention to the following things:

Ensure I have plenty of space and light to inject

Obviously I don’t inject if it could be dangerous to you or others. That’s why I make sure that there is plenty of space to inject so I don’t risk getting knocked. Also, I ensure that I am in a well-lighted area as this will make the injection easier.

I try to dispose of needles appropriately

Any used needles or syringes need to be disposed of appropriately. In public, I find a way to carry my used needles or syringes with me so I can dispose of them in a sharps collection box when I get home. Used needles and syringes count as biological waste and should never be disposed of in general waste bins.

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There is a connection between diabetes and skin complications.
Diabetes treatment

Diabetes And Skin Complications – Part 2

by tanja

Diabetes and skin complications are very connected. If we don’t control our diabetes, it can affect every part of our body, including our skin. Some of the skin complications include diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic blisters, and eruptive xanthomatosis. 

Diabetes and skin complications are very connected

Diabetic dermopathy

To start with, when people with diabetes don’t control their blood sugar level, it can cause changes in the small blood vessels. Dermopathy often looks like light brown, scaly patches. These patches may be oval or circular. Also, this disorder most often occurs on the front of both legs. They do not hurt, open up, or itch. Dermopathy is harmless and doesn’t need to be treated.

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

Changes in the blood vessels can cause necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD). NLD is a rare condition that causes spots similar to diabetic dermopathy, but they are fewer, larger, and deeper. It often starts as a dull, red, raised area. After a while, it looks like a shiny scar with a violet border. The blood vessels under the skin may become easier to see. Unfortunately, sometimes NLD is itchy and painful.

Eruptive xanthomatosis

Diabetes can also cause eruptive xanthomatosis. It consists of a firm, yellow, pea-like enlargements in the skin. Each bump has a red halo and may itch. This condition occurs most often on the backs of hands, feet, arms, legs and buttocks. Fortunately, these bumps disappear when diabetes control is restored.

Diabetic blisters (bullosis diabeticorum)

Rarely, people with diabetes can have blisters. Diabetic blisters can occur on the backs of fingers, hands, toes, feet and sometimes on legs or forearms. These sores look like burn blisters and often occur in people who have diabetic neuropathy. They are sometimes large, but they are painless and have no redness around them. Usually, they heal by themselves, usually without scars, in about three weeks. The only treatment is to bring blood sugar levels under control.

Conclusion

To conclude, there is a connection between diabetes and skin complications. To protect ourself from the skin complications, it is very important to take control of our diabetes, check our blood sugar level regularly as well as visit our endocrinologist regularly. However, if we face some skin complications and don’t know how to solve them, we should go to our dermatologist (skin doctor).

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Diabetes complicaitons may occur if you don't have a regular control of your diabetes.
Diabetes treatment

Diabetes And Skin Complications – Part 1

by tanja

Unfortunately, diabetes can affect every part of our body, including the skin. Skin complications, such as itching, bacterial infections and fungal infections are more common in people with diabetes.

Diabetes and skin complications.

Skin complications

Itching

Yeast infection, dry skin, or poor circulation can cause itching. When poor circulation is the cause of itching, the itchiest areas may be the lower parts of the legs.

Bacterial infections

There are several kinds of bacterial infections that may occur. For example, styes (infections of the glands of the eyelid), boils, folliculitis (infections of the hair follicles), carbuncles (deep infections of the skin and the tissue underneath), infections around the nails, inflamed tissues are usually hot, swollen, red, and painful.

Fungal Infections

The culprit in fungal infections of people with diabetes is often Candida albicans. It can create itchy rashes of moist, red areas surrounded by tiny blisters and scales. These infections often occur in warm, moist folds of the skin. Problem areas are under the breasts, around the nails, between fingers and toes, in the corners of the mouth, under the foreskin (in uncircumcised men), and in the armpits and groin. Common fungal infections include jock itch, athlete’s foot, ringworm (a ring-shaped itchy patch), and vaginal infection that causes itching.

Good skincare

Yes, you can prevent skin complications. You can prevent that by doing the following things :

  • First, it is important to keep your diabetes well managed. People who have hyperglycemia tend to have dry skin and less ability to fend off harmful bacteria. Both conditions increase the risk of infection.
  • Second, avoid very hot baths and showers. If your skin is dry, don’t use bubble baths. Moisturizing soaps may help. Afterwards, use a standard skin lotion, but don’t put lotions between toes. The extra moisture there can encourage fungus to grow.
  • Third, prevent dry skin. Scratching dry or itchy skin can open it up and allow the infection to set in. Moisturize your skin to prevent chapping, especially in cold or windy weather.
  • Also, treat cuts right away. For instance, wash minor cuts with soap and water. Furthermore, cover minor cuts with sterile gauze. See a doctor right away if you get a major cut, burn, or infection.
  • Moreover, during cold, dry months, keep your home more humid. Bathe less during this weather, if possible.
  • Take care of your feet. It is recommended to check them every day for sores and cuts. Wear broad, flat shoes that fit well.
  • Last, but not least, if you don’t know how to solve your skin problems, go to your dermatologist (skin doctor).
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Stress can have a negative impact on our blood sugar levels.
Diabetes managementDiabetes treatment

How Does Stress Affect Diabetes?

by tanja

Stress is the reaction of our body to any change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. When we become stressed,  the body quickly responds by releasing hormones that give cells access to stored energy – fat and glucose – to help the body get away from danger.

Diabetes and stress

As we know, diabetes management is a lifelong process. As a result, this adds stress to your daily life. Stress can be a major barrier to effective glucose control. Stress hormones in your body may directly affect glucose levels. When you’re feeling stressed, the body releases stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones should give you an energy boost for a ‘fight or flight’ response. But the hormones actually make it harder for insulin to work properly, known as insulin resistance. As energy can’t get into your cells, your blood sugar levels rise.

If your blood sugar levels go too high, you face high blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia. If it doesn’t go away, it can keep your blood sugar levels high and put you at a higher risk of diabetes complications. It can also affect your mood and how you look after yourself, which can start to affect your emotional health.

What do I do when I feel stressed?

Everyone copes with stressful situations in different ways. For example, sometimes I feel stressed when I try to do things perfectly. As a result, in the end, I don’t manage to finish the things as I was expecting. Because stress increases my blood sugar level, in these situations, the first thing that I try to do is to look after myself. This means that I try to stay calm and take a deep breath. Also, I check my blood sugar level more often in the following two or three hours.

Moreover, I learned not to put too much pressure on myself to do everything perfectly. This can add or lead to stress. But it’s good to be aware of how easy it can be to give in to the habit of letting diabetes self-care slip in times of stress.

Trying to get enough sleep and building exercise, rest and relaxation time into my routine also help me cope better with stress.

Last, but not least, talking with other people about what’s making me stressed helps me a lot. Talking with my family and sister about things that make me worry is the best therapy for me. Their words and advice help me put something into perspective or just make me feel relieved about getting it off your chest.

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If people with diabetes have COVID-19, they have to check their blood sugar level regularly.
Diabetes tipsDiabetes treatment

How Do I Manage My Diabetes During The Summer?

by tanja

During my 20 years of experience with diabetes, I have learned that I need to be extra careful when temperatures increase dramatically. I know that I have to manage my diabetes more often because It can affect my blood sugar control.

How the heat affects my levels depends on what I’ve eaten, whether I am well-hydrated and my activity level. If the heat and my activity make me sweat profusely, I may become dehydrated. As a result, that will lead to a rise in glucose levels. If I become dehydrated, my blood glucose levels will rise. Not only it will lead to frequent urination, but also it will lead to further dehydration and even higher blood sugar levels

How do I manage my diabetes during the summer?

What do I do to manage my diabetes properly?

Enjoying the sun is one of the things I look forward to in the summer and on holiday. In order to enjoy the outdoor activities without affecting my blood sugar level, I do the following things:

Drink plenty of water

 Wherever I go, I usually carry a small bottle with me.

Test my blood sugars levels frequently

I test my blood glucose levels more frequently than usual. On that way, I take appropriate and immediate action to keep my levels more stable.

Keep my blood glucose meter and test strips away from the sun

Extremes of temperature can also affect your blood glucose meter and test strips. As a result, I keep my meter and test strips as close to normal room temperature as possible and out of direct sunlight.

Store my insulin properly

During the hot weather, I keep my insulin in the fridge or a cool bag. Of course, I take care that it does not freeze.

I always take some snack with me

Some snacks can serve as a meal replacement. Others can serve as ways to prevent low blood sugars. I always have glucose tabs or glucose gel (Jubin) in my bag. 

I try to avoid sunburn

I apply sunscreen to exposed areas of your body 15–30 minutes before going out in the sun.

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Diabetes tipsDiabetes treatment

How To Prevent Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

by tanja

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. Moreover, it can occur if you have type 2 diabetes as well. In some cases, diabetic ketoacidosis may be the first sign that a person has diabetes. That is why it is important to know how to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is treated with fluids, electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride and insulin. It can lead to loss of consciousness and, eventually, it can be fatal.

How to prevent ketoacidosis complications?

A person with diabetes can take many steps to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis. In order to do that, we have to learn how to manage diabetes well.

Preventive steps include:

  • Manage your diabetes. In order to manage diabetes, you should make healthy eating and physical activity part of your daily routine.
  • Monitor your blood sugar level. Careful monitoring is the only way to make sure your blood sugar level remains within your target range. You should do this more often, especially if you are ill or under stress.
  • Adjust your insulin dosage as needed. In order to do this, talk to your doctor. Moreover, he or she will tell you what you eat, how active you are, whether you’re ill and other factors.
  • Check your ketone level. When you’re ill or under stress, test your urine for excess ketones with an over-the-counter urine ketones test kit. If your ketone level is moderate or high, contact your doctor right away or seek emergency care. If you have low levels of ketones, you may need to take more insulin.
  • Always be prepared to act quickly. If your blood sugar level is high, and you have excess ketones in your urine, seek emergency care.

Diabetes complications are scary. But don’t let fear keep you from taking good care of yourself. That is why we have to know how to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis complications. Follow your diabetes treatment plan carefully, and ask your diabetes treatment team for help when you need it.

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The symptoms and causes of diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetes treatment

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Symptoms And Causes

by tanja

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. It can lead to diabetic coma (passing out for a long time) or even death.

Diabetic ketoacidosis: the causes

This condition develops when the body can’t produce enough insulin. As we know, glucose is the major source of energy for our muscles and other tissues. Insulin helps the glucose enter in the cells. Without enough insulin, our body begins to break down fat as fuel. This process produces a buildup of acids in the bloodstream called ketones. High levels of ketones can poison the body. When levels get too high, you can develop DKA. DKA may happen to anyone with diabetes, though it is rare in people with type 2. 

As a result, we have to learn the warning signs of diabetic ketoacidosis and know when to seek emergency care.

Symptoms

The signs may develop within 24 hours. The following symptoms may be the first indication of having diabetes:

  • Excessive thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Weakness or fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fruity-scented breath
  • Confusion

However, more-specific signs can be detected through home blood and urine testing kits as well. They are :

What causes diabetic ketoacidosis?

Here are three basic reasons for moderate or large amounts of ketones:

  • Not enough insulin
    If you have an inadequate insulin therapy or if you miss your insulin treatment, it can leave you with too little insulin in your system. Hence, it can trigger an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Not enough food
    High levels may also occur when you miss a meal.
  • Insulin reaction (low blood glucose)
    If testing shows high ketone levels in the morning, you may have had an insulin reaction while asleep.

Last but not least, ketoacidosis is dangerous and serious. Furthermore, it can be fatal as well. If you have any of the above symptoms, contact your doctor IMMEDIATELY, or go to the nearest emergency room of your local hospital.

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